Functional MRI in Human Motor Control Studies and Clinical Applications
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been a useful tool for the noninvasive mapping of brain function associated with various motor and cognitive tasks. Because fMRI is based on the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect, it does not directly record neural activity. With the fMRI technique, distinguishing BOLD signals created by cortical projection neurons from those created by intracortical neurons appears to be difficult. Two major experimental designs are used in fMRI studies: block designs and event-related designs. Block-designed fMRI presupposes the steady state of regional cerebral blood flow and has been applied to examinations of brain activation caused by tasks requiring sustained or repetitive movements. By contrast, the more recently developed event-related fMRI with time resolution of a few seconds allows the mapping of brain activation associated with a single movement according to the transient aspects of the hemodynamic response. Increasing evidence suggests that multiple motor areas are engaged in a networked manner to execute various motor acts. In order to understand functional brain maps, it is important that one understands sequential and parallel organizations of anatomical connections between multiple motor areas. In fMRI studies of complex motor tasks, elementary parameters such as movement length, force, velocity, acceleration and frequency should be controlled, because inconsistency in those parameters may alter the extent and intensity of motor cortical activation, confounding interpretation of the findings obtained. In addition to initiation of movements, termination of movements plays an important role in the successful achievement of complex movements. Brain areas exclusively related to the termination of movements have been, for the first time, uncovered with an event-related fMRI technique. We propose the application of fMRI to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of movement disorders, particularly dystonia, which exhibits involuntary co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles and manifests abnormal posture or slow repetition of movements.
論文 | ランダム
- 第2回「デザイナーの新たな仕事分野と考え」 (特集:青山デザイン会議)
- トンネル内を伝播する衝撃波の発生とその抑制 (特集 鉄道車両で活躍する油空圧技術)
- 人工水路における藻類群集の遷移に伴う藻被構造の変化
- 150. トリクロールエチレン作業者の臨床的研究 (工業中毒(有機溶剤))
- ビジュアル表現 (特集 情報表現能力の育成)