交通投資における便益の垂直的移転と水平的移転
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The evaluation of benefits occurring by transport investment is very important in cost-benefit analysis. It is, however, considerably difficult in terms of calculating each item of benefits practically. These difficulties seem to be classified into two problems: (1) In what stage should the benefits be estimated? And (2) How should changes of the benefits in the other route or area, which derived from transport investment in out route or area be evaluated? In order to answer these questions, it is useful to classify transfer of benefits by transport investment into vertical and horizontal transfer of benefits. Vertical transfer of benefits focuses on relationship between stages of transfer of benefits. It is shown that vertical transfer of benefits is pecuniary external economy and it is proved explicitly by simple diagrams that pecuniary external economy does not distort optimal resource allocation. Since the existence of factors causing market failure obstructs 100 percent transfer of benefits from road users to consumers, it is desirable that benefits by transport investment are evaluated at the earliest stage such as road users' benefits. The analysis of horizontal transfer of benefits makes it clear that occurrence of benefits in on area may be closely connected with decrease of benefits in the other area and, therefore, it is shown that the evaluation of benefits in only one area may make cost-benefit analysis inaccurate. If the distribution of benefits by transport investment is an important factor in transport project appraisal, it will be possible to include the distributional effect of the project in an analysis. However the analysis includes strong value judgements and is no longer a "cost-benefit analysis," which is established to attain economic efficiency in a true sense.
- 長岡技術科学大学の論文