外来糖尿病患者の栄養指導に関する予備調査 (Ⅰ) : 患者の身体および食生活環境について
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概要
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As the reference data to provide dietary guidance for diabetic patients, the physical and food-intake status were surveyed in 114 diabetic outpatients visiting K Clinic of Internal Medicine during the period from August 21, 1982 to October 1, 1983. 1. The patients were aged 53± 11.0 on average, with the largest number of males being in their 40s and those of females in their 50 s. 2. In 7296 of the patients, the degree of physical activity in their daily life was [light] labor. 3. 75% of the patients were accombanied by their wives to attend the dietary guidance. It seems that understanding and cooperation of the accompanying persons affect the subsequent diabetic management of the patients. 4. 78 patients (68%) had the first experience of receiving dietary guidance at this clinic. 41 patients (36%) remained untreated for a long period of time even after diagnosed as diabetic. This is a great problem in the management of diabetes. 5. Only a small number of patients, i. e. 10% of males and 19% of females, were taking exercise. 6. 29 patients (25%) were either in 20% excess or shortage of the normal body weight when the guidance started. 33 males (55%) and 34 females (65%) had a 20% or more excess at their maximum weight in the past. The changes in body weight after their 20 s showed: in males, a drastic increase in their 30 to 40 s followed by a decrease at the time of guidance, and in females, a marked rise in their 20 s reaching the maximum weight in their 40 to 50 s. 7. The meal time was regular in most patients. 80 to 90% of the patients take breakfast and dinner at home while a large number of patients take lunch outside. It is difficult to give dietary guidance to patients having irregular meal time for occupational reasons. 8. Not a small number of patients were found to be reducing the food intake before and after guidance. To give a proper guidance to prevent increase of body weight and blood glucose levels, it is important to know the patients' appetite levels etc. 9. Increased appetite, strong sensation of fasting, and good sleeping habit were found to be more in males. 10. The foods were moderately seasoned both in sweet and salt tastes at half of the patients' home. 11. A large number of patients have the measuring apparatus for cooking at home, but a fairly large number of them are not using them. It is the auhtor's intention to include the curriculum of their use in the future guidance. 12. Including those having purchased it when receiving the guidance, 85% of the patients have the "Food Energy Conversion Table" for diabetic patients.
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