女子教育に関する一つの考察 (第一報) : 平安朝の文学作品にあらわれた貴族の女子教育
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概要
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In the Heian era, the Fujiwara clan kept their dictatorship for a century. During that time in order to secure the regency or the chief adviser ship to the Emperor, the Fujiwara clan offered their daughters as consorts to nearly all the emperors and the crown princes of that age. For this purpose they educated their daughters to be beautiful and talented and when they enter the imperial court they had to be accompanied as lady's maids by women of wit and beauty. Since the early part of this period literature and other accomplishments began to assume Japan's own characteristics: kana letters were invented which helped to make women's learning much easier. Thus a number of lady-authors appeared who created as many literary masterpieces. Among female accomplishments there were calligraphy, poetry, music, paintings and sewing. They were taught at home by parents and nurses , often through the domestic, social and Buddhist activities or sometimes in the course of games in poetry or pictures. The education for women chiefly consisted of cultivating dignity and noble character for their own happy lives. On the other hand, however, their parents were apt to utilize their daughters for their own sake. This trend has influenced and stimulated the education of the daughters of warriors and the general public in the middle ages. But women's education in this age was sole1y administered to the daughters of the nobility in the urban area, which enlarged the gap between the urban and the rural people because (If the unfavorable, economic and political conditions and traffic and communication inconvenience s in the countryside. Dr. Ken Ishikawa said, "Their chief purpose was to help make unmarried, marriageable young girls what they should have been" It seems to us that their aim was to educate girls to be submissive to men and suitable for married life.
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