Historical Aspects and Current Status of Entrepreneurship in Japanese Universities

概要

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Since the Technology licensing Organization (TLO) Act was enforced in 1998, entrepreneurial activities have developed at an accelerating pace in Japanese universities. The movement has been shaped by the history of Japanese higher education and government policies. Japanese universities, once the accdemic arm of the Meiji imperial government, tried to become free from government and commercial influence after World War II. In the past two decades, under the broader needs of revitalization, Japanese universities have developed industry-university cooperation in which entrepreneurial activities are involved. These activities can be categorized into TLOs, university-based ventures and entrepreneurship education. The major findings are: (1) the entrepreneurship movement at Japanese universities is mainly exogenous, and attempts at commercialization are still met with opposition; (2) activities tend to be evaluated based on numerical results; and (3) although more than 200 Japanese universities now run programs or courses related to entrepreneurship, most are still immature and peripheral in nature. The movement will not be limited to commercialization of intellectual activities, and is an influential axis for developing competence of students and researchers.
城西大学の論文