岩手県三陸町夏虫山高原における野生ジカ飼養施設の建設
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概要
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The Sanriku deer farm was constructed in Natsumushi-yama highland of Sanriku town, Iwate Prefecture in 1986. Wild deer, inhabit in rangeland composed with shrub, dwarf bamboo and native grass, attack frequently into artificial grassland that was developed in and around rangeland. To protect the grassland from deer-grazing damage, Sanriku town decided to build the capturing facilities in rangeland at first and then the feeding facilities. The feeding facilities were designed based on labor saving conditions, particularly effective deer-handling and easy working, and were constructed in 1992. The concrete floor in the facilities was effective in various works and made an easy treatment of deer dung through 5 paddocks at one stroke. The feeding troughs between working road and deer barn were fixed with over-turning steel buckets.The deer herd in a small pasture was investigated on their behavior and the body scale of 13 captured deer was measured. The deer crush was designed by using some behavior characteristics and body-scale values, and was made mainly with rectangular-timber frames and two 12mm-thickness-plywood boards to hold deer body. The material cost of the wooden crush was remarkably lower of less than 20,000 Yen.From the experiment of holding deer in this crush, the minimum space between two holding boards was decided 10cm, being slightly wider than 7.8-8.3cm thurl width.Furthermore, this paper describes the construction of the slaughtering facility, the processing facility and the recreation facility, and also countermeasures against wild-deer damage in Hokkaido and Kyusyu at present.三陸シカ牧場は岩手県三陸町の夏虫山高原に1986年に建設された. 野生ジカは雑かん木,ササ,野草からなる牧野に生息しているが,その牧野周辺に造成された人工草地を採食のために頻繁に侵入する. シカの食害から草地を保全するために,三陸町は最初に捕獲施設を,次に飼養施設を建設することを決めた. 飼養施設は省力作業な条件,特に効果的なシカ取扱と簡易な作業に基づいて設計され,1992年に建設された. その施設内のコンクリート床は種々の作業を効率良くし,ボロ出し作業が5つのパドックを通して一括で容易に行えるようにした. 作業通路と鹿舎の間にある給飼槽には鋼製の回転バケットを配置した.また,小牧区のシカ群の行動観察が行われ,捕獲した13頭の体格を測定した. 保定器はいくつかのシカの行動と体格値をもとに設計され,主に角材とシカを保定する2枚の12mm厚ベニヤ板で製作した. その木製保定器の資材価格は2万円未満の廉価であった. 角材とコンパネを主材として15,500円で保定器を製作した. この保定器を用いたシカの保定実験から,保定器内のシカはさみ板の最小間隔が10cmのときに保定でき,この間隔はかん幅平均値7.8-8.3cmよりわずかに広めであった.さらに,関連して解体処理場や食肉加工施設,保養施設の建設について述べ,また現在の北海道と九州における野生ジカ対策についても論じた.
- 2012-02-24