代理出産をめぐる「子を持つ欲求」
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概要
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Japanese discussion regarding gestational surrogacy continues to play a tug-of-war between opponents and supporters for holding hegemony over the discussion which may lead to legislation against or for surrogacy. This paper attempts to clarify constructed meanings which would create a credible supportive rhetoric, an articulation that warrants the legitimacy of the supporters'desire to have children and an oppositional force that has researched concrete health and moral risks that counter the pro-surrogacy proponents. The author examined articles from Japanese popular magazines regarding surrogacy and publications that promote an individualized vested interest in regard to this issue. Three perspectives basically conjoin to provide a substantive structuring as to why the supporters mandate favorable legislation. There is a definite social construction which is made by gender and modern family norms, an inner agony caused by infertility, abortion consequences, the fact one may not have a womb, and resulting physical mishaps from the "end justifies the means" of infertile treatment. The secondly, there is a construction based on reductionism. It is a desire to complete motherhood and genetic essentialism. The latter's actualization is substantiated by a rhetoric utilizing symbolic meanings of blood, which regard genetic ties in the same light as bodily ties. And thirdly, the desire to have children even in a surrogate context relates to a manifest psychological insecurity for one's existence. Although some women mention a concrete fright of one's life, others express a fear of uncertainty of their entities, which must be caused by the fact they cannot expect hope in their lives. This life evaluation is not that dissimilar to Husserl's. To conclude, the desire to have children is organized by constructions with gradation. Since some of them are based on reductionism and existence, which seem to be a universal given, their attempts to justify desire to have children has not faltered.
- 2012-03-15