ゾロアスター教ズルヴァーン主義研究4:『ウラマー・イェ・イスラーム』の写本蒐集と校訂翻訳
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概要
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A Persian treatise ‘Ulamā-ye Islām, whose origin is supposed to be the Pahlavi Edict by the Sasanian Prime Minister Mihr Narseh (5th CE) to force Armenian Christians to convert to Zoroastrianism at that time, i.e. Zurvanism, is the only surviving work from Zurvanite point of view. Although the Persian text is published in lithograph and print since 1820s, no critical editions exist thus far. To address this situation, I have collected independent MSS of that treatise both already known in Mumbai (3) and Navsari (1) and unknown in Tehran (2) and Hyderabad (1), then prepared the stemma codicum of ‘Ulamā-ye Islām and established an Urtext that could account for the variants. This process generated a number of findings, not confined to detailed textual issues, but including religious history. The Zurvanite thought expressed in this Urtext is quite resemble with Manichaeism in its Cosmology, Anthropology and Eschatology rather than Dualistic Zoroastrianism in Pahlavi Books written between the 9th and 10th centuries. If Zurvanism is allowed to speak for itself, it can tell us a great deal about the Religionsgeschichte in the Early Sasanian Persia which focuses on Zurvanism’s unexpected much influence on Manichaeism in historical context. And when we compare the‘Ulamā-ye Islām’s Zurvanism with Arabic sources in the 8th to the 12th centuries, it becomes clear that Zur vanism did NOT disappear in the 6th century, as R. C. Zaehner (d. 1974) insisted in his famous Zurvan (Oxford 1955), but it survived at least until the 8th century in the western part of Iran and 11th century in the Khorasan. This means that the formation of iv Dualistic Zoroastrianism expressed in the Pahlavi literature in the 9-10th centuries must be after the 9th century; this fact will also require a reconsideration of the understanding about the historical formation of the so-called “the Iranian type of Gnosticism,” i. e. Manichaeism.
- 2012-03-27
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