<Research Papers>Kyoto University Students' Grammatical Abilities and Listening Comprehension as Measured by the TOEFL PBT and GRE
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概要
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Kyoto University students' grammatical and syntactic skills, as well as their short listening comprehension skills, were compared with the corresponding world averages as measured by TOEFL. Grammatical and syntactic skills were operationalized as the structure (gap filling) and written expression (grammatical error detection) section scores from the TOEFL PBT (Paper-Based-Test) and the scores from the GRE's gap filling questions. Short listening comprehension skills were operationalized as the scores from the TOEFL PBT’s short listening section. The average English learner, by our definition, has a probability of success on each item which is equal to the world average made available by Educational Testing Service (ETS). Taking advantage of the Rasch-type symmetry between person abilities and item difficulties, the test items were regarded as examinees taking two tests; made of Kyoto University students and all the examinees around the world. This novel symmetric view made extensive correlation studies possible. While Kyoto University students excelled at TOEFL's gap filling task, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for grammatical error detection, contradicting the common belief that Japanese students have superior grammatical abilities. This may be due to insufficient procedural skills to use declarative grammar knowledge fluently. Lack of procedural abilities may partially explain the markedly poorer performance in the sec ond half of the GRE’s gap filling test as well.
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