気候変化と海鳥の繁殖タイミングおよび生産

概要

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Timing of breeding in terrestrial birds has been progressed with the global warming trend during recent decades. This paper reviewed the inter-annual trends of the timing of breeding in seabirds and potential mechanisms driving these changes. Their timing of breeding was progressed in 3 of 4 cases in the Arctic at the rates of 0.3-1.5 d/year, but it was delayed in 6 of 10 cases in the Antarctic at slower rates (＜0.1 d/year). In cooltemperate areas, timing of seabird’s breeding tended to delay in western Atlantic, progressed in Canadian Pacific, but no significant trends were observed in California coast and Japan. Factors explaining these trends varied among regions and included the sea-ice extent, SST, air temperature and strength of upwelling and primary production. These shifts of the timing of breeding in seabirds sometimes caused their mismatch with the seasonal prey availability, hence their decreased reproduction. This review indicates that the studies of local marine ecosystem are essential to understand the effects of global warming on seabird phenology and population change.