県営彦根製糸場の誕生 : 富岡製糸場との関連を中心に

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This paper will discuss the background of theestablishment of the Hikone Silk Mill, whichopened in June 1878 as the first modern machinesilk reeling factory in Shiga Prefecture in relation to the Tomioka Silk Mill in GunmaPrefecture, the attempt and failure of ex-Hikone samurai to build a silk mill and the construction process of the Hikone Silk Mill led by the prefecture. From a historical review of the silk mill, the following conclusions were drawn. First, given the movement among ex-Hikone samurai to build a machine silk reeling factory that became prominent in 1875 and 1876 and the fact that a woman named Shigeko, the wife of Hikone Clan member Kendou Onjou, was recruited and employed by the Tomioka Silk Mill in 1875, we can conclude that it was in 1874 or 1875 that a large number of young women in Hikone started to work at the mill as proposed in the study by Toyoji Takase. Furthermore, the very existence of Shigeko, who later took a position to supervise female factory workers, must have been one of the factors that encouraged young Hikone girls to work in the factory.Second, when a group of Hikone Clan members laid out a plan to have a silk mill of their own for the purpose of assisting with the economicreintegration of ex-samurai and stimulating the growth of export industries in May 1876 and thereafter, they assumed that young girls working at the Tomioka Silk Mill would return to Hikone with silk reeling techniques. Thus, the factory was designed to be equipped with 100 Western-style reeling machines. The members' proposal included specific details regarding the budget for the construction of the factory, production prospects, roles of board members, meetings and conferences, stocks and dividends, salaries ofemployees including factory workers, and theirduties. Even though the mill was planned to take the form of a corporation, it was premised on financial assistance from the dominant Ii family and a loan from the government. Interestingly, a certain amount of executive compensation and stock dividends were supposed to be put aside for compensation losses, and the members were looking into purchasing French silk reeling machines modified for use in Japan.Third, the Hikone Clan members asked thegovernment for financial help many times to build their own silk mill. But the government turned down their request because an increasing number of ex-samurai had risen in rebellion against the government throughout the nation, and some ex-Hikone samurai supported Saigo Takamori, a rebel leader in Kagoshima. Eventually, Shiga Prefecture took over the project. Fourth, in setting up the silk mill, Shiga Prefecture turned to Kenzou Hayami, who was the most knowledgeable about the modern silk reeling industry and willingly gave advice to such businesses. Moreover, Mitsuo Takaya, who was in charge of industrial promotion in the prefecture, consulted Hayami on exporting raw silk, and together they visited the Tomioka Silk Mill and other factories in Saitama, Gunma and Nagano. The prefectural Hikone Silk Mill was modeled after the one in Tomioka. Yet, whereas machines from France were used in Tomioka, Italian wooden kennel-type machinery was introduced at the Hikone Silk Mill since Kenzou Hayami was determined to adopt and disseminate the technology from early on. The machines were powered by waterwheels, and steam was used to boil cocoons.

県営彦根製糸場の誕生 : 富岡製糸場との関連を中心に

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