〈美術館〉というトポスをめぐる試論１
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概要
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In keeping with the development of civic society in Europe, the number of public museums has increased steadily there. By now, the institutional system of art museums has been firmly established not only in Western countries but in the rest of the world, including Japan where it was introduced during the Meiji Era after which hundreds of art museums have been built in tandem with Japan’s economic growth. However, as recent discussions show, the art museum as a public institution has in itself many contradictory aspects. For example, though museums are essentially intended for “the public,” patronage actually consists of those who have a good grounding in art as well as those who are still uninitiated, which makes it difficult for an art exhibition to be fully appreciated by both alike. This kind of problem seems not to be easily resolved, so this paper would like to suggest and examine another way of displaying art, namely, exhibitions or art projects where works of art are publicly shown “outside” the walls of the museum. There are, of course, many differences between the artistic experience in a museum and in a town. In a museum, for instance, the visitor usually appreciates an individual work of art, while art set in a town tends to be a kind of catalyst for the viewer to become aware of the history, the scenery and/or the people of that area in addition to the art itself. Nowadays, one more way, a third way, of displaying art has come to be realized. In several art projects, museums are trying to open themselves substantially to the general public by connecting the displays inside and outside the museum. This may in part lead to a solution of the problems mentioned above.
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