福澤諭吉『学問のすすめ』成立過程における中津時代の意義－「下士」の学問が「上士」の学問を凌駕する－
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Fukuzawa Yukichi, one of the greatest philosophers, educators and business and political-opinion leaders, experienced two cultures in his young age. One is Osaka culture and the other is Nakatsu culture. His struggle to make a harmony of the cultures encouraged him to study hard in traditional Chinese classics under the creative academic atmosphere of “Kyusyu Jitsugaku.” At that moment, the upper ruling class had a ruling sense and skills without regard to real industry and economics, and farmers, craftsmen and merchants had skills on real society without sense of governance. On the contrary, Fukuzawa’s experiences as a son of the lower ruling class, "Kashi”, gave him both a sense of governance and of real society. He experienced two kinds of culture, one is reading Confucian classics and the other is working using physical skills with farmers, craftsmen and merchants. About the losing power of Okudaira Iki, who was one of the “`Karo,” The highest ranked Bushi in Nakatsu-han kingdom and important supporter for Fukuzawa to study “`Ran-gaku” and “Yo-gaku” or Dutch study and Western study, Fukuzawa emphasized that the substantial reason for Iki’s diminishing power was upper class and did not have the sense on real society. And upper the cooperation of Fukuzawa=Keio-gijuku, and the last king of Nakatsu-han, “Nakatsu Yo-Gakko,” or the Nakatsu school for western studies, was established in l871, and “Gakumon-no-Susume” was written for the students for the school origin-ally. In this sense we can conclude that “Gakumon-no-Susume” was a book as follows: firstly, inheritor of “Kyusyu Jitsugaku,” secondly, a kind of declaration that lower Bushi’s study overwhelmed upper Bushi’s study, and thirdly, a book to emphasize study in new area was requested to care about both (1) real industry, economy and daily life of ordinary people and (2) sense and skills of governance in the “Bunmei” time or time of globalization.
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