シャブタイ派思想の霊魂転生論 : 蛇の穢れとメシアの霊魂の系譜
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概要
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The doctrine of metempsychosis, or the transmigration of human souls, originates from the earliest stage of kabbalah and developed over centuries. It became more popular at the end of the sixteenth century in Lurianic kabbalah. According to Hayyim Vital, a salient advocate of Isaac Luria, human beings were to keep commandments or ascetic customs in order that their souls might be restored. The concept was based on the idea that the souls contained in the First Adam's body had been scattered and fallen down on the earth because of his original sin in Garden of Eden. It was necessary not only for the kabbalists but for every pious man to mend their souls. Nathan of Gaza, a prophet and propagandist of the Sabbatean movement, adopted the doctrine of metempsychosis in his kabbalah. His main purposes were to identify Sabbatai Tzevi with a great serpent, Pharaoh and Cain whose roots were regarded evil, and to justify Sabbatai Tzevi as a messiah by tracing the lineage of the messianic soul. Vital's doctrine on the soul from Cain inspired Nathan to create his idiosyncratic messiology: The messianic soul has both an evil disposition and a holy root. In this paper, "The Treatise of the Dragons" Nathan authored in 1665 before Sabbatai Tzevi converted to Islam is to be mainly focused on, referring to Vital's "The Book of Metempsychosis" and "The Gate of Metempsychosis". The key point of the argument here is twofold: Primarily, the messianic souls, in accordance with Nathan's doctrine, had a bipolar feature in that they originated from Cain, who was associated with the demonic serpent, though their supreme mission was supposed to be the redemption of the people. However, it is the double-faced messiah who could descend into the depth of the evil realm and restore the souls stuck there. Secondly, 'the messianic soul from the heels'of the First Adam is the herald of redemption. The lower the souls from his body is, the harder it will be to restore them. This soul reincarnated the body of Sabbatai Tzevi via a two-century heroic and messianic figure Bar Kokhoba. Thus Nathan justified Sabbatai Tzevi as a true messiah.
- 2011-03-15
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