Are Medical Human Resources Related to Longer Life in Japan?
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概要
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Japan has been a leading country in terms of life expectancy at birth both in males and females since the beginning of 1980s. Inside Japan, however, there is a big discrepancy in life expectancy by prefectures. Various factors, such as climate, socio-economic conditions, medical expenditures, medical resources, major causes of deaths, nutrition and the like have been examined as determinants of discrepancy. Among these factors, we paid special attention to the medical resources, including human resources. Data on life expectancies at birth and age 65 by gender for 47 prefectures in 2005 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. We also consulted a database on the levels of medical resources, listed according to the numbers of hospitals, clinics, dental clinics, pharmacies, beds in hospitals, beds in clinics, medical doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, public health nurses, midwives, dieticians and physical therapists per 100,000 population, and a medical doctors' index. Ecological correlation analysis between life expectancies and these variables in 47 prefectures of Japan was made by using either Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients. The significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). There are distinct discrepancies between males and females in the results of expectancy at birth and age 65. In males, there was no index of medical resources that showed a positive correlation with life expectancy at birth and age 65. In females, however, there were positive correlations with medical resources, such as medical doctors, nurses, public health nurses, midwives, dieticians and physical therapists per 100,000 population.
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