ハーメネイー体制下における法学権威と学知システムの変容 : 国家による宗教制度への政治的影響力をめぐる考察

概要

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Several weeks after the death of Aya Allah al-‘Uzma ‘Ali Araki in November 1994,Supreme Leader ‘Ali Khamene’i was promoted by the two Iranian Islamic jurist groupsas one of the recommended maraja‘-e taqlid (“sources of emulation,” the title of thehighest-educated Islamic jurisconsults). This event has had an impact on not only themarja‘-e taqlid system but also the relationship between political authority and religiousauthority in post-Khomeini Iran. Although many researchers have referred to thisevent, only a few have examined its subsequent influence on both Iranian politics andthe marja‘-e taqlid system in Iran.In this paper, I will attempt to reveal the infl uence of this event on the marja‘-etaqlid system in Iran in two ways. First, I will illustrate the character of the newmarja‘-e taqlid concept that was developed by the two associations, focusing on notonly the intermittent aspect but also the continuous relationship between the marja‘-etaqlid system and the two associations’ announcements. Second, by focusing on thelocation of Khamene’i as a marja‘-e taqlid in 2008, I will show the influence of this newmarja‘-e taqlid concept on the development of the marja‘-e taqlid system in Iran afterthe 1994 event.