<研究ノート> 京都大原の山林文書(四) 木村宗右衛門による御入木山支配を中心として

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Ohara had traditionally supplied forest products to downtown Kyoto prior to World War II. A number ofhistorical documents concerning the history of forestry and forest lands in Ohara are available. Previous articleshave introduced some of these documents, which related to (l) the production and sale of firewood from the EdoPeriod to the early Meiji Period, (2) Kimura Sohemon, governor of the forests in Ohara through the Edo Periodand the beginning of the Meiji Period, and (3) the transfer of forest ownership to temples in Ohara throughoutthe Edo Period.This article (4) introduces 19 historical documents related to forest management by Kimura Sohemon, magistrateof Gonyubokuyama, who managed forests in Ohara through the Edo period. The forest management work ofSohemon and his staff is partially revealed through these documents. In this article (4), the documents arepresented in chronological order, with the exception of document 19, for which the date is unknown.Documents 1-4, 6, 7, 10, II, and 17 resemble databases on the forests governed by Sohemon, which arereferred to as Gonyubokuyama.Most documents related to Ohara refer to the same eight villages, but in theseforestry-related documents, an additional village, Kodeishi, is sometimes included as well. The area included inthese databases varies: document 4 includes all nine villages of Ohara; documents 1-3, 7, 10, and II includeShorinin Temple, which is one of the two major temples in Ohara; and documents 6 and 17 include the Onagasevillage. These documents generally include the name of the forest; the forest owner's name; and the northern,southern, eastern, and western boundaries of the forest. Some documents also mention a sort of forest-related tax.This tax is presented for each forest unit as a number of bundles of firewood Kuroki).Documents 8 and 9 are reports submitted to Sohemon from the Shorinin Temple. The content of both reportsis related to landslide damage incurred in Gonyubokuyama and the countermeasures practiced by the forest owner.Documents 12-14 are indirectly related to forest management works. Documents 12 and 13 include briefexplanations of the historical development of the tax levied in bundles of firewood. Document 14 is acharcoal-production agreement made between nine villages. The document mentions that residents of the villageof Kodeishi asked Sohemon for permission to produce charcoal. Document 18 suggests that it was necessary fora villager to obtain permission from Sohemon if he wanted to sell his house and lands when forest lands wereinvolved.Documents 5, 15, 16, and 19 are partially related to the cutting activities in Gonyubokuyama. In document 5,some woods in Gonyubokuyama were needed for construction materials, and some people including Sohemon'sstaff planned to visit the Gonyubokuyama. Documents 15 and 16 are memoranda related to cutting activities inGonyubokuyama, and document 19 refers to standing trees in and around Gonyubokuyama.These documents reveal that the relationship between forest owners and Sohemon was not limited to thepayment of a tax levied in bundles of firewood and the management of registered standing trees. Instead, the roleof Kimura Sohemon in forest management in Ohara appears to have been similar, to some degree, to that of thecurrent forest administration office.
2011-03-25

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松下幸司
京都大学大学院農学研究科

<研究ノート> 京都大原の山林文書(四) 木村宗右衛門による御入木山支配を中心として

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