On “Benevolent Totalitarianism”
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概要
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Since the last days of 20th century, namely after September 11 of 2001, we have got some cautions about the coming of a new kind of totalitarianism in advanced societies. (e.g. Sheldon Wolin on “Inverted Totalitarianism”.) Shozo Fujita, one of the early prophets of new totalitarianism, formulates such new totalitarianism as “totalitarianism toward <comfort>”, inspired by Hannah Arendt. This type of totalitarianism might, in contrast to classical totalitarianism, need no explicit tyranny or despotism, but only liberal institutions of property rights and free market economy. While realizing welfare of its people through capitalistic mass consumption, it decomposes and renders unnecessary the public reason of them, without any explicit violence and oppression. For Fujita himself, just like Arendt, remembering Rosa Luxemburg, the reason why we have to criticize this “totalitarianism” is clear. It is because, even in such “totalitarianism”, capitalism couldn’t survive without exploitation of “the outside”, namely, non-capitalist communities and natural environment. But what if such capitalist development is possible without such exploitation and, at least, explicit violence? On what foundation can we criticize such “benevolent totalitarianism”? If we found the reason for criticizing it in the degradation of public reason and civic virtue, such a critique couldn’t avoid the danger of petitio prinpicii. In this essay, I try to find some ways to criticize such “benevolent totalitarianism”, avoiding petitio prinpicii. Because, in a certain sense, “benevolent totalitarianism” could be seen as a version of perfect utilitarian politics, I would try to make such criticism from within a utilitarian perspective as possible.
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