多文化教育と公共性 (1) : ユダヤ人と公教育

概要

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Multicultural education is one of the most complex issues in the Western world. After the Second World War, efforts to assimilate and acculturate Islam were made by Germany, France, England, and the Netherlands, but bilingualism and multiculturalism gradually took their place. Recently, however, German Chancellor Merkel stated that multiculturalism did not work out. In the 19th century, Jews and Judaism faced similar problems. In addition to discrimination against Jews, there was a conflict of opinion and policy between liberal and orthodox Jews. While liberal Jews wanted to be part of Christian society and did not mind assimilating and adapting, orthodox Jews opposed these efforts. In the Netherlands and France, Jewish public schools were established in the first half of the century and in Germany in the second half. France adopted a secular education policy after the 1880s while the Netherlands emphasized freedom of education, and many confessional schools were established and subsidized by the government. In conclusion, the right to establish specialized schools for those who have a different culture, religion, or lifestyle should be granted through policies to build a stable, secure, and peaceful society.