スウェーデンにみる市民社会論
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The welfare state has been challenged severely by neo-liberalism under the crisis of Fordism and globalization since 1980, specially after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. Neo-liberalism seems to have become a main norm and strategy as a new social model since 1980s. Neo-liberalism advocates free-market capitalism, liberal individualism and a minimum state, and to foster civil society in order to provide social services in place of state. However, there is a lot of criticism against it. Specially, modern civil society theory that is reconstructed since the end of 80s is forming main criticism as well as communitarianism. J. Habermas, A. Giddens, R. Putnam, P. Hirst are main actors of these civil society theory. They shape alternative based on the reconstruction of civil society and the formation of new state-(civil) society relations against neo-liberalism because it has given economic and social troubles to each country. A broad debate has now developed concerning with civil society and how the relations between state and civil society should be defined. Although the debate is now in confusion, common consensus is that the concept of civil society is important and useful to pursue alternative against neo-liberalism and the rebuild of the welfare state. Each country, however, has different way of the introduction of the concept of civil society and the debate of civil society theory, and it depends on its culture, norm and institutions; specially how state-society relations have been built. In Sweden the use of the concept of civil society can be traced back to 1980s. The conservativewing used this concept actively to criticize the welfare state, insisting that the big and strong welfare state which they consider as a type of social democratic statism not only depressed the individual liberty, but also destroyed the community of civil society. The reconstruction of the community of civil society as well as the minimum state, therefore, is proclaimed loudly. It is noted, however, that the stress is put on the form欧文抄録: pp.279-280
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