Learning of the "Geometry of the Globe"
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概要
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Corresponding to the rapidly changing society, we believe that the geometry education in elementary school should be reconstructed as follows; first, children should learn geometrical concepts in relation to the real world in their daily life. Next, the content of geometry education should be compact. Thus we hope that children will know the real world more widely and more deeply through the learning. We have been studying to create materials of geometry in elementary school through our experiments. As an example we would like to introduce an experiment of geometry education below. This experiment was named the "Geometry of the Globe". The characteristics of this geometry were related to ideas of straight-lines, angles, tangent planes and etc on a spherical surface. The aim of this experiment was to make clear the following points. (1) Whether children can understand the concepts of geometry on a spherical surface. (2) Whether children can take an interest in the learning contents. (3) Whether the experiments can give them a deeper understanding of geometry on a plane. The method of this experiment was as follows; we taught the contents to our children (the 5^th graders) in 1999. We set about 25 school hours (1 school hour=45 minutes) for our class. Teaching of the "Geometry of the Globe" was developed as follows; first, children regarded an apple as a globe. They drew some lines (latitude and longitude) on the apple. Then they cut off the apple along latitude and longitude. In this way, they could understand the coordinate system on a spherical surface. Next, children studied to measure the distance from the point of A to the point of B (i. e. points A and B represent cities.). They created several works in cooperation with their friends. Their works were "A time table of the world", "World flight timetables around Osaka" and so on using the idea of a time difference. They thus studied the concepts of straight lines on a spherical surface. As a result of the experiment, we found the following facts. (1) They took an interest in the study of the "Geometry of the Globe", because the contents were very realistic and very compact. (2) They understood the concepts of geometry on a spherical surface well, and above all they understood the concepts of straight lines on a spherical surface well. (3) They changed their viewpoints of geometry on a plane.
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