鶏に寄生する橿原条虫の発育史に関する研究
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概要
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(1) As for the two known poultry cestode, R.(R.) tetragona and R.(R.) echinobothrida, whose intermediate hosts are also ants, and the cysticercoids found in the abdominal cavity of those insects are always nothing but the mature ones (Fig. 1) and no descriptions of the process of developing from an onchosphere to a mature cysticercoid has been made by any investigators not only in the adult ants but ill the larvae or pupae of these insects. And the case is with Raillietina (Paroniella) kashiwarensis SAWADA. Namely the cysticercoids which the writer could find in the abdominal cavity of Euponera solitaria which was the intermediate host of R. (P.) kashiwarensis, were only the mature ones of this cestode. However, the writer, after examining a number of larvae and pupae of Eupojiera solitaria collected from their nest in the yard of Nishio Poultry-farm in May, 1952, found various stages of developing from the onchospheres to the mature cysticercoids of this cestode (Fig. 3, Table 1). In other words, the writer found that when the young larvae of Euponera solitaria ate the segments of this ccstode carried as their food by the worker-ants, the onchospheres entered into their bodies and grew up into the mature cysticercoids in about one month when the larave of the insects metamorphosed and developed into adult ants.(2) The cysticercoids of this cestode live in the abdominal cavity of Euponera solitaria even when those ants are in their hibernation, while the cysticercoids of R.(R.) tetragona perish in the abdominal cavities of Pheidole fervida and Tetramorium caespitum jacoti which serve as intermediate hosts of R. (R.) tetragona and those of R. (R.) echinobothrida perish in the abdominal cavity of Tetramorium caespitum jacoti, an intermediate host, when 5 or 6 months while the ants hibernate. So that, as the mature cysticercoids of this cestode infesting the abdominal cavity of Euponera solitaria can be found all the seasons (Table 2), if a fowl eats Euponera solitaria infested with the cysticercoids of this cestode, the fowl is infested with this cestode in any season. For this reason, the rate of infestation of this cestode to a fowl is generally higher than those of R. (R.) tetragona and R. (R.) echinobothrida.(3) The fluctuation of the rate of infestation of cysticercoids infesting the abdominal cavity of Euponera solitaria is decided by the period when a poultry-man uses a yard and the age of the fowls in the yard (Table 3). So, if a poultry-man raises many young chicken free from this cestode in an old yard used for a long time, the chickens will immediately eat Euponera solitaria infested with mature cysticercoids and become infested with this cestode. In consequence, the chickens soon come to excreatc many segments of this cestode, and larvae of Eubonoa solitaria cat those segments and begin to be infested with this cestode. Therefore, this fact clearly shows that the rate of infestation of this cestode is very high.(4) The writer, feeding white Leghorn cocks with mature cysticercoids taken from Euponera solitaria on purpose, found that it took more than 20 days for a cysticercoid to grow up to a mature cestode, and that the life-time of this cestode in a small intestine of a host covered about 80 days and then it perished naturally in about 3 months after the host took the mature cysticercoids (Table 4).(5) In order to keep fowls free from the infestation of this cestode, a poultry-man is requested to prevent Eupcnera solitaria from entering into a yard as much as possible, but as these ants have a habit of looking for food alone, but not in group, a poultrymen can not kill those ants in a large quantity at a time, while Euponera solitaria also have a habit of gathering in half-rottend pickets and boards, or under stones to make their nests. Therefore, the writer hopes a poultry-man sometime or other to examine those places and kill the ants in question gathering there by scattering drugs, or to apply anticeptic treatment to half-rottend pickets and boards, or to take away the stones lest those ants should make their nests.
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