エクアドル高地先住民運動の政治規範と民主体制下での行動 : 構成主義アプローチからの分析
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This article takes a constructivist approach to explain the complicated political actions taken by the Ecuadorian Highland Indigenous Movement (IM) under a democratic regime since 1979. The characteristics of IM’s political actions can be summarized in three points. Firstly, IM did not intend to take political power in the 1980s. Secondly, the first action IM took to come into power was extra-legal: creating the Indigenous-Popular Congress (IPC) which was expected to substitute the legislature in 1991. Finally, since 1996, IM has participated in elections without giving up extra-legal actions which appeared in 1997 and 2000. The constructivist approach focuses on the process how IM shaped its norms which set standards of behavior and works better than the earlier literatures’ hypotheses. // Since its foundation in the early 1970s, IM was worried that once it got involved in party politics in which socially dominant whites ruled, the movement would be manipulated and would eventually disintegrate. This is why IM did not try to reach political power via elections in the 1980s and firstly developed its norm which justified boycotting national elections and establishing IPC as a parallel legislature body. // In the 1992 election, indigenous electorates went to vote, which meant the boycott failed. From this experience IM accepted the electoral way to reach political power, but maintained the plan to construct IPC. While situating the election as short-term strategy, it redefined creating IPC as long-term one. In this way IM made normative ground to support legal and extra-legal actions simultaneously.
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