Activity and interactions of antibiotic and phytochemical combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro

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In this study the in vitro activities of seven antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, tetracycline,trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B and piperacillin) and six phytochemicals(protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, berberine and myricetin) against five P.aeruginosa isolates, alone and in combination are evaluated. All the phytochemicals underinvestigation demonstrate potential inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa. The combinationsof sulfamethoxazole plus protocatechuic acid, sulfamethoxazole plus ellagic acid, sulfamethoxazoleplus gallic acid and tetracycline plus gallic acid show synergistic mode of interaction.However, the combinations of sulfamethoxazole plus myricetin shows synergism for threestrains (PA01, DB5218 and DR3062). The synergistic combinations are further evaluated fortheir bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa ATCC strain using time-kill method.Sub-inhibitory dose responses of antibiotics and phytochemicals individually and in combinationare presented along with their interaction network to suggest on the mechanism of actionand potential targets for the phytochemicals under investigation. The identified synergisticcombinations can be of potent therapeutic value against P. aeruginosa infections. Thesefindings have potential implications in delaying the development of resistance as the antibacterialeffect is achieved with lower concentrations of both drugs (antibiotics and phytochemicals).
2010-09-21