ティンリン語、ネク語に見られる動詞類別接頭辞の概念体系とイベント分類的機能
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概要
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In this paper we discuss semantic perspectives and event-classifying functions of a group of verbal prefixes and derived verbs in Tinrin & Neku. Tinrin and Neku are two critically endangered Oceanic languages spoken by respectively, c.264 and c.221 people in the central-southern part of the main island of New Caledonia.We shall be looking at verbs composed of two morphological elements: an event-classifying prefix, and a verbal root. Event-classifying prefixes are a group o fverbal prefixes existing both in Tinrin and Neku that are characterized by morphosyntactic and semantic features, as elaborated in this paper. Osumi (1995) termed them ‘classificatory prefixes' in the sense that they produce a set of verbs classified by the means or manner which are indicated by them. Similar verbal affixes have developed in some North American languages,traditionally called instrumental affixes,and in some Austronesian languages from the Papua New Guinea area. Several New Caledonian languages have also been reported as having similar sets of prefixes.Some languages abound in lexical verbal prefixes,each of which are affixed only to a few verb stems or to those in a more open class,which are likely to be of a different nature.In this paper,we do not intend to discuss typological features across languages,but we will examine in detail the semantic nature of these verbal prefixes in Tinrin and Neku,focusing on their important functions as event-classifying morphemes,and that of the verb stems that they can combine with. We will show how these prefixes form an interesting continuum around basic semantic actions and movements, intrinsically combined with open-hand or instrumental means, along with verb stems which also indicate varied, continuing resultative situations.
- 2009-01-01
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