[原著］Helminth fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. 2. Four Kalicephalus species parasitic to snakes in Okinawa Island (Nematoda: Diaphamocephalidae)

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Kalicephalus nematodes are the hookworm-like parasites of reptiles and very characteristic in the cephalic structure. From Japan proper, Yamaguti (1935) described K. natricis from Natrix tigrina and Elaphe quadrivirgata, and later, Fukui (1963) recorded this species from the same host species. However, the validity of K. natricis was doubted by Schad (1962). Kamegai el al. (1962) detected Kalicephalus sp. from Agkistrodon halys in Honshu and Kyushu. From the Ryukyu Archipelago, Yamaguti (1935) described K. laticaudae from a sea snake, Laticauda laticaudata, in Ishigaki Isl. This species was also collected from L. semifasciata in Amamioshima Isl. by Telford (1967). Hori and Kaneko (1969) and Kagei (1973) detected Kalicephalus sp. from Trimeresurus flavoviridis in Amami-oshima Isl. Schad (1962) reported some morphological characteristics of K.viperae chungkingensis collected from an unidentified snake in Okinawa Isl. Since 1980, surveys on zoonotic parasites in the Ryukyu Archipelago have been carried out, and various animals have been examined for parasites. During those surveys, the authors detected four Kalicephalus species from the snakes in Okinawa Isl., recently. This paper deals with the morphology and taxonomy of these nematodes.