依頼に対する回答の仕方が話し手の性格印象に与える影響－回答表現の直接性と間の取り方に注目して－
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The present study investigated how impressions about the personality of a speaker are affectedby the way he or she responds to a request in spoken dialogues. Short spoken dialogues in Japanesewere recorded in which one person makes a request and the other either complies with the requestor refuses it. The responses to the request (e.g.,“Can I borrow your book?”) were expressed in oneof two ways: directly (e.g.,“Sure.”) or indirectly (e.g.,“Don’t forget to return it.”). Furthermore, thedialogues were edited so that the responses were uttered: (1) immediately following the request, (2)following a silent pause, or (3) following a filled pause (filled with a filler expression such as“umm”). Japanese listeners were asked to rate the personality impression of the respondent withrespect to a set of adjectives. When factor analysis was carried out on the listeners’ratings, twomain underlying factors were obtained:“friendliness”and“social desirability”. Further analysesrevealed the following results. To give a“friendly”impression, compliance to a request is bestexpressed directly without pause. However, refusal of a request is best expressed after a filledpause, presumably to convey to the requester that the respondent deliberated over the response. Asfor social desirability, the most socially desirable way to respond is to respond immediately withoutpausing, regardless of whether one can comply with the request or has to refuse it. Results suggestthat impressions about a speaker are affected by various factors pertaining to what the speaker saysas well as how he or she says it; these factors include the degree of directness of response, whetheror not the speaker pauses before responding, and whether the pause is filled or silent.
- 2010-03-10
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