近年の心理学理論における死と宗教 : 恐怖管理理論の批判的考察
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論文/ArticlesTerror Management Theory (TMT) is a broad theory of human motivation and behavior that has emerged from the field of social, experimental psychology and has, in the past two decades, influenced to a significant extent a wide array of research on psychology and culture, including religion.//This paper examines the notion of religion and the relationship between death and religious belief within this theory, and offers a critique of its assumptions and approach to studying religion from the viewpoint of religious studies as well as the discipline of life and death studies (shiseigaku).//The paper is structured as follows. I begin by giving a brief overview of the main theoretical tenets and research methods of TMT. This is followed by a discussion of the way TMT approaches and perceives religion. Next, I introduce the critique that has been leveled at this theory by other dominant approaches in the field of psychology. Finally, I offer my own critique of the theoretical assumptions, methodology and conclusions of TMT regarding the nature of religion, and the function and importance of death anxiety in religion.//The paper concludes that TMT views religion as the ultimate death anxiety buffer whose very existence is largely due to this quality, but in doing so fails to address the anxiety provoking side of religious doctrines and beliefs. TMT has not sufficiently addressed empirical psychological studies that challenge its main tenets regarding the relationship between death anxiety and religion, and seems not be truly aware of the multitude and diversity of religious beliefs. The paper warns about the reductionist tendency in TMT’s approach to religion and calls for more in-depth research concerning death anxiety and religion in non-Western contexts
- 2010-03-31
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