ユダヤ教の現代メシア論 : ショーレムとレヴィナスの対話

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論文/ArticlesThis paper examines modern Jewish messianism in the context of the pursuit and struggle for new identities among Jews in the modern era. Jewish emancipation and the acquisition of civil rights were looked upon as a part of universal salvation of mankind, which entailed the concept of universal messianism. In opposition to it, emerged modern Zionism which claimed the right to a Jewish nation. This was a kind of revival of the old messianic hope of traditional Judaism. After the establishment of the Jewish state, G. Scholem and E. Levinas each expressed their attitudes toward the Jewish identity problem in the late 1950s and the beginning of 1960s. Scholem identified the intrinsic problem in the emergence of the state of Israel as a realization of Jewish messianism, the very concept of which implies certain self-contradiction. In response to this, E. Levinas recognized both Jews in the diaspora and Jews in the state of Israel as two indispensable ways of life and tried to present a new method of resolving the problem of the Jewish identity crisis. His theory of Zionism in the diaspora, based upon his philosophical hermeneutics of the Talmud, pointed out the significance of those Jews who patiently keep a distance from history.
2010-03-31