認知語用論と敬意表現－「どうぞ」発話と「どうか」発話の場合－

概要

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This paper examines 'Keii' expression (respect toward the hearer) in Japanese. Looking in detail at DOOZO and DOOKA 'please' utterances, I explore how the speaker expresses her respect toward the hearer, who recognizes the speaker's intention as politeness toward himself. In my view, the relevance-theoretic notion of ostensive-inferential communication makes an adequate explanatory framework: Keii/politeness can be communicated only when the speaker chose one or the other of the linguistic forms to intend and the hearer recognized by inference. My claim is that both adverbs encode in common procedual constraints as encouraging the hearer to construct higher-level explicature, accessing contextual assumptions about the relationship regarding the hearer'S 'prior' position to the speaker (H>Sp). The adverbs differ in indications about the way that the state of affairs described is to be regarded as desirable from either point of view, the hearer's or the speaker's: in using DOOZO, the speaker regards it as desirable to the hearer and expects the hearer to interpret the utterance as 'advice' or 'Permission', whereas in using DOOKA, the speaker regards it desirable to the speaker herself and to interpret the utterance as 'order', 'request' or 'plea'. In conclusion, Keii or politeness is best treated from a cognitive point of view and comes from search for expectation of relevances as by-product in the process of interpretation.
2010-03-30