過去・過去分詞形DUGの発生
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概要
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According to a dictionary of English etymology published in Japan, the vorb dig which was inflected weak in the Middle English period later developed a strong past and past participle form dug by the analogy of stick-stuck, and struck, a past and past participle form of strike, was also made by the same analogy. This etymology, however, is oversimplification, or possibly almost a mistake, because the past participles dug, stuck, together with struck, first appeared on record at the same time-in the 16th century, and there is a fair possibility of the past form struck having appeared earlier than the past form stuck. Brunner supposes that dug, stuck, and struck were formed after the (a) group of the strong verbs class III (IE/*en-on-n/ and /*em-om-m/; ModE/in-ʌn(æn)-ʌn/, /ain -aun-aun/,and /im-ʌm(æm)-ʌm/). The present writer agrees to the latter opinion but with some modifications. The past participle dug, together with stuck and struck, was formed perhaps by the influence of the group of verbs ending in /-g/ and /-k/ which in the Modern English period came to be associated with the /i/ present and the /ʌ/ past participle. That the three verbs dig, stick, and strike, which had another present form with a short vowel strick, had a close resemblance between themselves and also to ding and sting not only phonetically but also semantically may have helped devloping the new /ʌ/ past participle forms. The reason why dug, and not *dag, was chosen is probably that the /i-ʌ-ʌ/ verbs were already more numerous than the /i-æ-ʌ/ verbs in those days.
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