福井県大野市における地下水問題--主として水利用の側面について
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概要
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With its origin an old castle town, Ōno was founded at the northern end of Konomoto alluvial fan, the area of Kiyotaki River in the 16th century.Near the town adjoining there were several springs of which an ample groundwater recharged from Kiyotaki River. The castle town had favorable topographical condition and under the feudal authority water resources were utilized skilfully.Water was led from those springs to urban area and used not only for beverage but also for fire prevention and for snow melting in winter. Along the street of the town extending from north to south several waterways were laid on for distribution beverage water and for sewage. Water was managed strictly and consumed very cautiously, for, especially beverage water must be prevented against being polluted.Since the Meiji Restoration, the water management system formerly controlled by feudal authority were collapsed. On the northern part of the Konomoto-alluvial fan, it was easy to supply water by shallow wells, and it was far less expensive to draw water by individual private wells instead of constructing public and integrated water supply system. People had bored many small wells for private use and this was accelerated by the spreading of small sized electrical pumps, so called 'homepump'.After the Second World War, water consumption by heavy pumping in Ono town expanded very rapidly. Today, one of the largest water consumption is the use for textile manufacturing industry, and the other is the use for snow melting on the road and many buildings through the pipe system in the urban area. The former has discharged artisan water by deep wells (more 30m depth.) constantly through four seasons. Of all the amount groundwater consumed in Ono city, it is estimated about 70% are for textile manufacturing.The latter, use for snow melting has pumped up free surface groundwater by shallow wells (less 30m depth). This needs a large quantity of groundwater at the same time, and these water use is extremely concentrated in the winter season,above all, on the heavy snow days. As a matter of course, when snow fall day comes, the level of ground water surface falls swiftly and make many shallow and small household wells useless.Today our urgent task is to achieve high technology of water saving and to establish new water management system.
- 信州大学教養部の論文
信州大学教養部 | 論文
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