経済政策の目標設定とその実現の論理構造-2-
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概要
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This paper is an attempt to clarify some logical aspects of the theory of economic policy which has usually been understood to be based upon welfare economics. The Main bodies of the theory are twofold, i. e. objectives and economic systems by which they would be realized (Section I), but our attention is centered on the logical consistency in both problems. First. Bergson-Samuelson's approach to the objective-problem in terms of the so-called "social welfare function" is criticized from its operational viewpoint, and we explicitly set down the ethical judgements about income distribution in the form of constraints imposed on the variables, under which we seek for "Pareto-optimal" area. Then we require that any Pareto-optimal area attained under both production and distribution constraints is Pareto-optimal area under the production constraints only (an efficient allocation of resources) and also satisfies the distribution constraints (the desired distribution ratios of real income). Generally, Pareto-optimal area under both constraints does not satisfy this requirement. (Section II, III). As to the realization-problem, it has been believed by many economists that the working of the price system under perfect competition leads to an efficient allocation of resources. But once we require for its equilibrium point to satisfy the preassigned distribution ratios of real income, it is a doubtful matter, that is, an equilibrium point of it may not exist. The several alternative models will show this. (Section IV, V).
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