健康成人の上肢位置感覚 ―示運動による誤差発現とその影響因子―

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The goal of this study was to obtain values on the accuracy of the position sense of the upper extremities in non-disabled adults, both conditions under normal and under vibratory and anesthetic disturbance. The subject was blindfolded and seated. One of the subject's arms was positioned at the horizontal reference line by the tester and the subject raised the other arm to what he/she perceived as the horizontal. The arms were prevented from touching each other by a transparent barrier with a protractor printed on it. 1) The subject placed one hand at the perceived horizontal, then raised the other to match the position. This was repeated 30 times, then re-performed moving the arms in the opposite order. 2) The subject placed both hands at the perceived horizontal simultaneously. 3) Task 1) was repeated at two speeds; the subjects were given 1 second and 2 seconds to point. 4) Task 1) was repeated with reference lines 30 degrees above and below the horizontal. 5) The subjects raised one arm to the horizontal reference line. 6) Task 1) was repeated while the tester applied a vibrator at 100 Hz to the deltoid musle and at 30, 60 and 100 Hz to the most sensitive portion of the lateral to the scapular spine (determined in a pilot study) on the pointing side. 7) Task 1) was repeated after the tester anesthetized the shouder the subject was using. The subjects were given about 2 seconds to perform the tasks besides task 3). The error magnitudes were assessed in terms of angular displacements from the reference line in task 1) and between finger tips in task 2). The error direction was expressed depending on the directions of indicated finger points above (plus) or below (minus) the reference line, or the direction of points from the reference of nondominant hand. The error magnitudes in the pointing tasks in healthy adults and the factors influencing them are summarized as follows. 1. The dominant hand pointed significantly below the horizontal in the task with either hand: -0.7°±1.3° (M±SE) in male and -1.5°±1.8° in female subjects, while the nondominant hand pointed close to the horizontal: -0.1°±2.1° in male and -0.1°±1.6° in female subjects. The distribution of most of the errors were very close to zero in tasks 2), -0.05°±1.6° in male and -0.1°±1.8° in female subjects. 2. The dominant hand showed no significant difference in the pointing errors with speed in all 10 subjects, while 9 of the 10 showed significant difference in the nondominant hand. 3. The dominant and nondominant hands in all 10 subjects showed no significant difference in errors when the reference line was at 30 degrees. 4. Errors in tasks 5) showed significant difference in comparison with errors in task 1) in the dominant hand of 8 among 10 subjects and in the nondominant hand of 4 among 10 subjects. 5. Vibratory stimuli caused the pointing errors to significantly move upward or downward in either hand, as compared with the pointing without vibration. 6. The pointing errors moved significantly downward immediately after local anesthesia on the skin over the deltoid muscle of the pointing side in all 5 subjects. In summary, these findings suggest that sensory information from the muscle, joint and skin receptors play important roles in the accuracy of the position sense of the upper extremities.
1996-10-01

健康成人の上肢位置感覚 ―示運動による誤差発現とその影響因子―

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