Serological and Genetical Characterization of Human and Animal Rotaviruses Prevailing in Thailand
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概要
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This series of studies used antigenic and genetic analysis to examine rotavirus strains prevailing in humans and animals in Thailand. The results are summarized as follows: 1) A number of fecal specimens were collected from humans (patients with diarrhea), cattle (young calves with diarrhea) and pigs (piglets with diarrhea) in Thailand. These were screened for rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of segmented viral genome and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with group A-specific monoclonal antibodies. Group A rotaviruspositive specimens were then examined for their subgroup and G serotype specificity using subgroup (I-and II-) specific monoclonal antibodies and G serotype (1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and occasionally 6-) specific monoclonal antibodies, respectively. G serotype specificity of the specimens untypable by ELISA was then examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using serotype-specific primers, which showed very high sensitivity in serotype determination. 2) The rate of rotavirus detection in pediatric diarrhea was calculated at 36.9% on the basis of the examination of diarrhea specimens collected in Bangkok in 1991-94. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was shown to occur most frequently in infants and young children equal to or less than 2 years of age with a peak at 6-11 months of age. The male to female ratio was calculated at 1.36. Monthly distribution of the occurrence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Bangkok indicated that the illness tends to cluster in September through January. 3) Although as a whole G serotype 1 was the most often detected in this series, the frequency of detection of individual serotypes differed greatly by year. While in the 1983-84 survey G serotype 4 was the most frequent, both G serotypes 1 and 2 dominated in the 1987-88 survey. In the following two years of 1988-89 and 1989-90, G serotype 1 predominated, while in 1990-91 survey G serotype 3, which had been detected only rarely until then, surpassed other G serotypes 1 and 2. G serotype 1 was the most frequent in 1991-92, second to G serotype 2 in 1992-93 and again predominant in 1993-94. 4) It was unexpected that all bovine rotavirus strains found in the present studies were antigenically non-G serotype 6, since most bovine rotaviruses reported until then belonged to G serotype 6. The RNA patterns of these strains were grouped into the three electropherotypes a, b and c. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of strain 61A (representing the electropherotype c) indicated that it does not belong to G serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 11. These results formed the basis of our subsequent antigenic and genetic studies showing that while the G serotype of strains A44 (electropherotype a) and 61A is 10, that of strain A5 (electropherotype b) is 8, which is discussed in this paper. ?5) Serotyping by ELISA showed that the majority of porcine rotavirus strains (7/13) detected in 1987 was G serotype 3. Twenty-three group A rotavirus strains detected in 1990-91 were grouped by RNA PAGE into six electropherotypes a-f. The G serotypes assigned to these by ELISA and PCR were as follows: G serotype 3 (three strains of electropherotypes a and c), G serotype 10 (14 strains of electropherotype d) and undetemined serotype (6 strains). The presence of G serotype 10 porcine rotavirus, a finding unreported to date, has been further confirmed by serologic and genetic analysis in this laboratory (Pongsuwanna et al., submitted), which is discussed in this paper. 6) On the basis of the findings indicating the close genetic relationship among rotaviruses of humans and various animal species, the possibility of interspecies transmission and subsequent genome reassortment in the recipient host and the significance of these events in the mechanisms of evolution and diversification of rotavirus in nature are discussed.
- 1995-12-01
論文 | ランダム
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