同一施設に連続して発生したロタウイルス性胃腸炎の4流行に関する疫学的及び免疫学的研究
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概要
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Outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred at the Hokkaido Central Infant Home, in Feb-ruary, 1981, March and October, 1982 and again in February, 1983. Epidemiological and immunological studies were conducted on these four consecutive outbreaks. Findings obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) Out of 57 stool specimens collected, 35(61%) were rotavirus positive by electron microscopy ; the numbers were 6, 16, 9 and 4 in the first, second, third, and fourth outbreak, respectively. The isolates, including two successfully propagated in tissue culture, from each of the four outbreaks were identified as subgoup 2 and serotype 3 rotavirus. 2) During the four outbreaks, 39-45 infants resided and 17-62% of them had diarrhea. The difference in the scale of outbreaks could be explained in the level of herd immunity. 3) An electrophoretic analysis of genomic RNAs of the isolates indicated the possibility that a common strain of serotype 3 rotavirus was involved in the latter three outbreaks. 4) Protection against rotavirus was found to be serotype specific and related to the levels of pre-existing antibody against homotypic virus. A neutralizing antibody level of 1 : 128 or greater seemed to be protective. 5) A prospective observation of the same individuals suggested the relatively short duration of immune protection and provided evidence for recurrent attacks of gastroenteritis due to rotavirus of the same serotype. 6) Seroconversions or concomitant antibody responses to type 1 or 4 rotavirus in a majority of infants with type 3 rotavirus infection suggested that immunity to heterotypic virus can be induced by a rotavirus vaccine.
- 1987-02-02
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