Enhanced wound healing by an epigallocatechin gallate-incorporated collagen sponge in diabetic mice

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Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound present in green tea, has potent anti-oxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. In this study, various concentrations (10, 100, and 1,000 ppm) of EGCG were incorporated into a collagen sponge (CS) in order to investigate its healing effects on full-thickness wounds created in type 2 diabetic mice. After 14 days, the residual wound size of the mice treated with 10 ppm EGCG-incorporated collagen sponge (E-CS) decreased significantly faster than that of the other mice. Moreover, significant increases in the degree of reepithelialization, the thickness of the granulation tissue, and the density of the capillaries were also histologically observed in the wound sites exposed to 10 ppm E-CS in comparison with the others. Furthermore, 10 ppm E-CS resulted in significant increases in the immunoreactivity of Ki-67 (reepithelialization at the wound site), CD31 (formation of blood vessels), and α-smooth muscle actin (the induction of myofibroblasts across the dermis). These results suggest that a CS incorporated with EGCG at low concentrations can enhance wound healing in diabetic mice by accelerating reepithelialization and angiogenesis as well as improving the cellular reorganization of granulation tissue by triggering the activity of myofibroblasts.