Endoplasmic reticulum targeting of the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus movement protein is associated with the replication of viral RNA1 but not that of RNA2

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Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a positive-strand RNA virus with a bipartite genome. The movement protein (MP) encoded by RNA2 is essential for viral movement. To obtain further insights into the viral movement mechanism, subcellular localizations of RCNMV MP fused with green fluorescent protein (MP:GFP) were examined in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells and protoplasts. The MP:GFP expressed from the recombinant virus first appeared in the cell wall and subsequently was observed on the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as punctate spots. In contrast, the MP:GFP expressed transiently in the absence of other viral components was localized exclusively in the cell wall. Transient expression of the MP:GFP with a variety of RCNMV components revealed that the ER localization of the MP:GFP was associated with RNA1 replication, or its negative-strand RNA synthesis, but not those of RNA2 or replicase proteins per se. A model of RCNMV cell-to-cell movement is discussed.