新素材の開発にともなうボール・ゲーム史への影響について　－ビリヤードと卓球を中心に－

概要

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The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the invention of new materials upon the history of ball games, espesially of billiard and table tennis. It is clear that the invention of new materials has brought about new possibilities for existing sports. But it is scarcely known that sports themselves accelerated the invention of new materials. In the history of chemical industry it is well known that celluloid, the world's first commercial synthetic plastic, was devised as a substitute for ivory billiard balls. In order to confirm this fact from the aspect of sport history, first I discussed merits and demerits of ivory balls in playing billiard. Secondly I searched for the processes how celluloid balls were used for other purposes;ping pong or table tennis. Ping pong caused a great sensation among all classes soon. I emphasized that the new material, celluloid, played a very important role in the development of modern table tennis. Indeed, celluloid balls are still used in playing table tennis, though celluloid billiard balls have replaced by other plastics. I suggested that how the modern history of sports has been rapidly changing under the development of new materials of balls.
1990-11-26