学習の理論史再考 : 「学び」の新たなるルート・メタファ

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This article presents a historical overview of the learning theories. Two significant traditions of learning theories are reviewed and discussed: learning theory of behaviorism and that of cognitive psychology. By evaluating these two lines of learning theories in terms of Pepper's (1942) root-metaphor theory, it is suggested that the root-metaphor of these theories is mechanistic in that both describe causal relationships between environmental stimulation and bodily reflexes, or between input and output of information. Criticizing the inadequacy of mechanistic root-metaphor in describing active and vital feature of human learning, especially in educational context, a viable alternative root-metaphor, the ecological-system view, is being proposed.
2000-03-24