インター***をとりまく医療の歴史-北米社会を中心に-
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This paper deals with the history of intersex in the filed of medicine in North America. Medical records of intersex in the United States started at John Hopkins University. Dr. Hugh Hampton Young first operated surgical treatment for an intersexed person in 1942. He developed the basic techniques and protocols for physically transforming intersexed body through 1920s-1930s. In 1950s, Dr. John Money of Johons Hopkins University established his theory and intersex treatment protocols, which were based on the idea that the children's gender identity came from nurture, not by nature. The theory justified sex reassignment and the surgery for ambiguous genitalia in the early periods was justified, for it regarded that children's gender identity was neutral at birth. This "standardizing" theory and treatment for intersex rapidly spread throughout the United States. However, as the follow-up studies of children had been done, the opposite results from Money theory were reported. Some studies concluded that many children grew up with problems with their gender assignment and sexual lives. Other studies disclosed that the Money theory-based procedure had lached the process of self-determination because of the inappropriate informed consent. This provoked intersex movements that claim human rights and the half of unwanted surgeries and interests. The treatment of intersex in the United States is getting started to change.
- 奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究科の論文
- 2005-03-31