ミドラッシュ(ラビ・ユダヤ教聖書解釈)へのアプロ-チ--思想構築の手がかりとしてのレビ記ラッバ-26章の分析
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現 勝又悦子The Midrash, a specifically rabbinic interpretation of the Bible, reflects the peculiar attitude of rabbis toward the Bible and the paradigm of Jewish thinking. The purpose of this paper is to consider an approach to the Midrash that would serve as both a reconstruction of rabbinic thought and a practical analysis of the Midrash text. In the first section, we discuss the means of creating rabbinic literature. In order to grasp the actual thinking of the the rabbis, we should consider both the historical and textual contexts behind each rabbinic dicta. For that purpose, it would be necessary to combine an historical approach with that of literary criticism. That means, especially for our aim, a reformulation of the meanings of features in the Midrash text both as literature in an historical context and from the particular viewpoint of rabbinic thought. In the second section, we analyze the Midrash text from Leviticus Rabba Chapter 26 with particular attention paid to Unit 4. First, by dividing Unit 4 into each dicta, we trace historically the way in which the focus of interpretation shifts. Then we inquire what new meanings are created in Unit 4 in the process of composing Chapter 26. It becomes clear through this analysis that the problematic death of Saul, the first king of Israel described in Unit 4, is evaluated in Chapter 26 as if it had the power to redeem others and is presented as a model for entering a true-language relationship with God. Most importantly, these new meanings develop not only through the editors intentions but also through the features of Midrashic interpretation itself.
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