『新仏教』にみる仏教界の教養化

概要

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This paper has two primary objectives. The first is to interpret the wider significance of the shin-bukkyo undo, or New Buddhism Movement, beyond the established definitions of "Buddhism" and "religion," in Meiji- and Taisho-era Japan. The second is to demonstrate that this movement influenced and was influenced by one of the trends of this period, Kyoyo (known commonly by the German term Bildung, or self-cultivation). I will begin with an introductory examination of studies that have been made previously on this subject, in order to clarify my point of view and aid in situating this movement within the context of the history of Buddhism in modern Japan. Analysis of these discourses will help us to understand the intentions of the members of this movement. The first chapter illuminates the process of the formulation of the modern view of "Buddhism" in the context of the Meiji government's religious policy, thereby locating the movement historically and conceptually. The second chapter is concerned with the tasks and content of the New Buddhism Movement. Young members resisted the formulation of a "modern Buddhism," hoping that their New Buddhism would replace it. The final chapter explains that this movement was completely new, differing from its predecessors in that it cooperated with Christianity to solve the problems of that time, aiming to create a new definition of the term "religion."