形容詞'big''little'と'large''small'の語法--The Color PurpleとForrest Gumpの用例を中心に
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the usage of the adjectives ‘big’‘little’，and ‘large’‘small’ in the speech of ‘uneducated,’‘unintelligent,’ and ‘educated’, individuals in linguistic environments where they concur with the same nouns or pronouns. Differences in speech between ‘big’ ‘little’ and ‘large’ ‘small’ have been described in some dictionaries and usage studies. Summarizing these descriptions，big，and its opposite word, ‘little’ are informal, colloquial, juvenile, or emotional while ‘large’ and its opposite word, ‘small’, are more formal bookish, dignified or descriptive. However, these descriptions, except those from Hattori（1968）, are too general and not very concerned with the environment in which ‘big’ ‘little’ and ‘large’ ‘ small’ concur with the same nouns or pronouns. Hattori gives the examples of nouns which concur with ‘big’ ‘little’ and ‘large’ ‘small’ and shows the differences in meaning(without using the word ‘speech’）but does not identify them as ‘uneducated,’ ‘unintelligent’ or ‘educated.’ This paper will propose and clarify the necessity of ‘uneducated.’ ‘unintelligent,’ and ‘educated’ as factors of speech through investigations of examples in The Color purple and Forrest Gump which feature African-American English, American Southern dialect-like English as well as standard English. This paper will also examine whether the differences in word frequency between ‘big’ and ‘large’ are parallel to those between ‘little’ and ‘small’ in these novels.
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