Numerical simulation of faults in Southern Bolivian and Northern Argentinean Orocline, Central Andes
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概要
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Two dimensional finite element simulation technique has been applied to analyze the state of stress and fault development within the Subandean foreland region of Southern Bolivian and Northern Argentinean Central Andes, assuming the lithospheric crustal block as a multilayered elastic slab exhuming under plane-strain condition. The computations have been carried out with computer programs, which simulate the elastic models under convergent displacement boundary condition, synonyms to the converging Nazca Plate toward east underneath the South American Plate. The finite element method, the numerical modeling technique computes the stresses with its magnitude, orientation, deformation of rock materials and to predict fracture attributes as a function of physical properties of rock materials along the study area. The failure proximity is defined by adopting the concept of Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The failure proximity and stress field in this model postulated a proper assumption of compressive tectonic deformation in the Southern Bolivia and Northern Argentinean Central Andes. The assigned rock rheology and physical properties of each layers in simulation makes the models behave as elastic body in which well defined failure location which gives a hint of fault development. In this study area extensive failure elements developed within the subandean region above the Precambrian basement, is contemporary to the early phase of thrusting within this Tertiary sequence and the failure elements nucleate during the later phase of convergent movement within the comparatively stable rear part of Eastern Cordillera and Altiplano-Puna region as the recent deep thrust. The focal mechanism of major shallow (～33km) recent earthquakes representing compressional event in this area adjacent to the CANP (Main Andean Thrust) and CFP (Main Frontal Thrust) is consistent with thrust development in Subandean frontal Tertiary sequences.
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