オーストラリア連邦政府における障害児教育施策の登場--ウィットラム労働党政権(1972〜1975年)の教育行政に着目して

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It was 1973, the era of the Whitlam Labor government, in Australia that the educational policy toward students with disabilities really appeared at the commonwealth level. The special education became one of the priority areas in the "Schools in' Australia: Report of the Interim Committee for the Australian Schools Commission" called as the "Karmel Report". Due to this it was recognized in public that the students with disabilities were educational targets and the educational support for them had to be guaranteed by the government.The appearance of the commonwealth special education policy was generated from at least three elements; 1.the broadened acceptance of social minorities from the multicultural attitude, 2.the optimistic view toward school education for solving social inequalities, 3.the powerful educational aid from the commonwealth to states. Especially, 2nd and 3rd elements are considered as outcomes by the idea of the welfare state emphasizing the social participation supported by the government. This idea linked with the multiculturalism.Although the Whitlam government was a short life, it can be said that this time is the merkmal in the history of special education in Australia.