ロシア帝国第一回人口センサス(1897年)について

概要

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This article aims to elucidate the historical position of the first populationcensus of the Russian Empire, the Russian Empire Census conducted in 1897. The focus is as follows;First, the social background through which the population census replaced the existing population survey (Reviziya) is clarified. The paper explains how the Reviziya had become maladaptive, following the abolitionof the poll tax (1887), military conscription (1874), and the liberation of the serfs (1861).Second, the influence of international statistical activities, centering on the International Statistical Congress, is examined. The model for the Russian Empire Census of 1897 was Belgium's population census of 1846. The influence of the discussion at the eighth Congress in St. Petersburg (1872), when Adolphe Quetelet was invited to serve as honorary chairman, is clarified.Thirdly, it is shown that difficulty of the survey conditions had a negative influence on the results. The spread of rumors of a tax increase and war, etc. in the provinces is examined based on the testimony of theinvestigators. Fourthly, it is shown that technical problems in the overall work, etc. had a negative influence on the numerical accuracy of the census results.
2009-03-09