普通児および知能遅滞児における意識的行為の発達
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概要
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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the developmental processof conscious action, especially the controlling function(CF), in normal pre-schooland mentally retarded children(MR). For that purpose, Ss were given various taskswhich consisted of placing a series of pieces and of drawing figures.The main results were summarised as follows : in normal children from 2 : 6to 3 : 10, planning function(PF) was guaranteed enough to perform the most simpletask and their actions were well controlled. But CF was so unstable as to bebroken down easily by a burden on the executive part of action. From 3 : 6 to3 : 11, Ss still could not achieve more complex symmetry program but achieved itwell by verbal reinforcement of the program planning. Although they noticedothers errors and appreciated the whole action, but could not notice their ownerrors. It was possible for 4 : 0 to 4 : 5 children to achieve symmetry programand for 4 : 6 to 4 : 11 the most complex asymmtry program. PF is gradually completedin this way. On the other hand, as to CF, from 4 : 6 to 5 : 11 Ss graduallybegan to notice and correct their own errors. Corresponding with this tendency,verbal formulation of action was gradually made possible and the generalized formulationwas completed in 5 : 6 to 5 : 11. We can find the first completion ofconscious action in this period. In MR we found gross disturbance of CF. MR didnot look at their own performances again and could not almost notice the errors.In addition, MR could not formulate action at all by verbally generalized style.
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