Leaf Temperature in Relation to the Influence of Wind on Transpiration of Plants I
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概要
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1. Transpiration rates of cut shoots of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and Sirakasi (Quercus myrsinaefolia) increased with rising temperature of water supplied. 2. Transpiration of cut shoots of Sugi and Sirakasi was accerelated by wind when water nearly freezing was supplied, while it was decreased by wind when water temperature was 10℃ or higher, and the decrease of transpiration rates by wind grew more remarkable with rising water temperature. 3. The higher the temperature of water supplied was, the higher the temperature of leaves and needles was. When exposed to wind, leaves and needles were cooled nearly to the air temperature, so cooling of leaves and needles by wind was more remarkble when water temperature was higher. 4. From the results shown above, it may be said that influence of wind on transpiration is modified by the temperature of leaves and needles, and it may be reasonable to presume as follows: Cooling of leaves and needles by wind results the lowering of the vapor pressure gradient between transpiring surface and the atmosphere, and lowers transpiration; on the other hand wind removes the layer of water vapor on transpiring surface and accelerates transpiration; thus we observe the combination of the two opposite sides of the effect of wind on transpiration as the result.切り取つて水にさしたスギ及びシラカシの枝の蒸散量はあたえた水の温度が高いほど多かつた水温が0℃に近い時には，風をあてると蒸散量は増したが，水温が10℃よりも高い時には風をあてると蒸散量はかえつて減り，その減り方は水温が高いほど著しかつた。葉温はあたえた水の温度が高いほど高く，0℃に近い水をあたえた場合以外は氣温よりも高かつた。風をあてると葉温は氣温とほゞ等しくなつた。これらの事實から，蒸散作用に及ぼす風の影響は葉温によつて異ると考えて次のような考え方を示した。即ち葉温の高い時には蒸散面と大氣との間の水蒸氣壓勾配が大きく從つて蒸散量は大きいが，風をあてると葉は冷やされ，水蒸氣壓勾配は小さくなり，蒸散量は少くなる。一方風は蒸散作用の結果葉面にできた水蒸氣の層を吹きとばして蒸散作用に對する抵抗を減らし，蒸發量を増すはたらきをする。風のこの二つの相反する作用の綜合されたものを我々は測定していると考えられる。
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