Comparative Activities degrading Cellulosic Substances by Wood-rotting Fungi
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This paper dealt with comparative activities of enzymic hydrolysis upon such cellulosic substances as the filter papar strips (Toyo Filter Paper Co., No. 50, 2×10cm in size) and CMC (a soluble derivative of cellulose, DP, 155: DS, 0.48) with nineteen species of wood-rotting fungi (ten species of white and nine species of brown rot fungi). These fungi were inoculated to filter papers (one sheet per one test tube of 20cm and four tubes were used per one species of test organisms) and incubated at 27℃. Each tube contained 25ml of the nutrient solution. After 3 weeks of incubation, the rate of the weight loss of filter paper strips was calculated and dialyzed filtrates were used for samples of the determination of Cx activity. Percentage of the weight loss of strips with Trametes sanguinea showed the greatest value of 16.6%. Since mycelia developed mainly around the point of inoculum and the degradation of the strips was then confined to that point, it was converted into the proportion against 16.6%, decreased by Trametes sanguinea. The most prominent fact in the present experiment was that the great differences in the weight loss of strips between white and brown rot fungi were found. These caused by white rot fungi were greater than those by brown rot ones except where Tyromyces balsameus was tested, the rate of the weight loss of which being 15.6% (converted value is 94). These difference might not be resulted by the differences of cellulolytic activities, but mainly by those of the velocity of growth or ecological conditions between both types of wood-rotting fungi. On the contrary, Cx activities of brown rot fungi were greater than those of white rot fungi, so that it could not be recognized any correlation between the degradation of paper strips and Cx activities.菌類によるセルローズ分解に関する研究は近年著しく進歩し，多数の報告が出されているが，セルローズが酵素によつて分解を受ける機作については，次のような過程が考えられている。すなわち〓ここにおいて，酵素C1，Cxの作用は細胞外で行われるものである。しかしながら，この見地によつて木材腐朽菌を用いたセルローズ分解に関する研究は極めて少ない。それ故，筆者は19種類の木材腐朽菌（白色朽菌10種，褐色朽菌9種）を用いてセルローズ物質――セルローズとして東洋濾紙50番を，またCx activity決定のために可溶性セルローズ誘導体CMC（DP＝155，DS＝0.48）――の分解能力の比較を行うと同時に，培養濾液のpHの変化及びCx activityをも測定した。その結果，濾液のpHの変化及びCx activityの大小とセルローズ分解能力との間には，本実験に関する限りでは，関係が見られなかつた。セルローズの分解は重量減少率を以て表わされたが，一般に白色朽菌は褐色朽菌に比して，はるかに分解力が大で，逆にCx activityは褐色朽菌の方が著しく大であつた。
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